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LED with PWM

Hello, here is how you can turn on an LED using PWM.Include Library#include "pwm.h"#include "gpiodriver.h"Define Macros#define LED_RED 26 /* PWM 0... Show More

Hello, here is how you can turn on an LED using PWM.

Include Library

#include "pwm.h"
#include "gpiodriver.h"

Define Macros

#define LED_RED    26  /* PWM 0 */
#define LED_BLUE   27  /* PWM 1 */
#define LED_GREEN  28  /* PWM 2 */

#define GPIO_PORT(x)  (x/16)
#define GPIO_PIN(x)   (x%16)

#define ENABLE_LED_RED    PWM0_OUTPUT_ENABLE_P26
#define ENABLE_LED_BLUE   PWM1_OUTPUT_ENABLE_P27
#define ENABLE_LED_GREEN  PWM2_OUTPUT_ENABLE_P28

#define DISABLE_LED_GPIO     GPIO_INPUT_ENABLE | GPIO_PULL_DOWN
#define LED_RED_CHANNEL      (PWM0)
#define LED_BLUE_CHANNEL     (PWM1)
#define LED_GREEN_CHANNEL    (PWM2)

Note: depending on which chip you are using, the GPIO Pins might change

Enable LED

     // enable
     gpio_configurePin(GPIO_PORT(LED_RED), GPIO_PIN(LED_RED), ENABLE_LED_RED, 0); 
     pwm_start( LED_GREEN_CHANNEL, LHL_CLK, 0x000 , 0);

     // pwm_start( id, clk, toggleCount, initCount);
     // Output Voltage  | Toggle Count (Found these values by trial & error)
     // --------------------------------------------
     // ~ (4/4) V_MAX  |    0x000
     // ~ (3/4) V_MAX  |    0x100
     // ~ (2/4) V_MAX  |    0x210
     // ~ (1/4) V_MAX  |    0x315

Note: depending on the hardware configuration, the V_MAX may change

Disable LED

     // disable
     gpio_configurePin(GPIO_PORT(LED_RED), GPIO_PIN(LED_RED), DISABLE_LED_GPIO, 0);
     pwm_disableChannel( 1 << LED_RED_CHANNEL );

References

BCM2073XS GPIO Basics

Hardware User Guide (SDK 2.x and TAG3 Board)

How to turn on LED

Different Frequencies for PWM

James

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By Anonymous

Aug 17, 2015

853

Resource Library

WiFi Reset and Power Control From Wiced Host MCU

The WiFi module power and reset pins are controlled by the host MCU.BCM943362WCD4:For BCM943362WCD4 evaluation board, the power and reset pins are con... Show More

The WiFi module power and reset pins are controlled by the host MCU.

BCM943362WCD4:

For BCM943362WCD4 evaluation board, the power and reset pins are controlled by the following definitions in .../platforms/BCM943362WCD4/platform.c

[WWD_PIN_POWER] = { GPIOB,  2 },
[WWD_PIN_RESET] = { GPIOB,  5 },

The "WWD_PIN_POWER" definition in WICED SDK controls the host MCU (STM32F205) PB2 pin. The host MCU PB2 pin controls the VBAT (power) on the WiFi module. Wifi module power completely turned of by the hos MCU to save energy if the WiFi module is not in use at all.

The "WWD_PIN_RESET" definition in Wiced SDK controls the host MCU PB5 pin. The host MCU PB5 pin controls the WLAN_RESET_L (reset) on the WiFi module.
Setting this pin logic level to low causes WiFi module reset.

BCM943341WCD1:

For BCM943341WCD1 the reset pin is controlled by the following definition in .../platforms/BCM943341WCD1/platform.c

Although it is named as WWD_PIN_POWER but actually controls the reset pin of the BCM943341 SiP module. Reason is being the logic level to reset the BCM943341 SiP module is inverted compared to the other SiP modules.

[WWD_PIN_POWER] = { GPIOB,  2 },

The "WWD_PIN_POWER" definition in WICED SDK controls the host MCU (STM32F417IGH6) PB2 pin. This pin from the host MCU controls the WL_REG_ON (reset) on the WiFi module. Setting this pin logic level to high causes WiFi module reset.

Unlike on BCM943362WCD4 evaluation board, on BCM943341WCD1 evaluation board the WiFi module power (VBAT) is not controlled by the host MCU. The WiFi module VBAT pin directly connected to the 3.3V via bypass capacitors.

If needed, the similar power switching circuit from BCM943362WCD4 evaluation board could be used on BCM943341 module based designs as well.

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By SeyhanA_31

Mar 2, 2016

255

Resource Library

BCM2073XS GPIO Basics

The BCM2073x chip (SoC) has 40 logical GPIOs (P0-P39).The GPIOs themselves are broken out into three separate ports (meaningful when you start program... Show More

The BCM2073x chip (SoC) has 40 logical GPIOs (P0-P39).

The GPIOs themselves are broken out into three separate ports (meaningful when you start programming):

• P0 through P15 on port0

• P16 through P31 on port1

• P32 through P39 on port2

The 32 pin package (i.e. the SoC - BCM20736 and BCM20737 *without* the S) only brings out 14 of the 40 logical GPIOs. The System in Package/SIP (the BCM20736S and BCM20737S modules) follows the SoC closely with regards to which pins are brought out (but there is a slight difference) and these are what you see in the SIP module datasheets.

Since the 32 pin package (SoC) and the modules are pin-limited, some of the logical GPIOs within the SoC are multi-bonded before bringing them out on the balls on the chip.

For the 32 pin package, the following pins are bonded in this manner:

P8 and P33 (only one of two is available)
P11 and P27 (only one of two is available)
P12 and P26 (only one of two is available)
P13 and P28 (only one of two is available)
P14 and P38 (only one of two is available)

Very Important Note: The SOC packaged part described above is not used for the SIP module. The SIP uses the raw die and wirebonds it differently than the DFN part, so the IOs described above for the SoC are not bonded together from the die - they are bonded together on the DFN wirebond package.

Always refer to the BCM20737S Bluetooth Low Energy SiP Module Technical Reference for the bonding/alternate function information relevant to the SIP modules, not the BCM20737 SOC Data Sheet.

When leveraging the WICED™ Smart Hardware Interfaces for your development, you will run across several GPIO mapping tables in the document that look like this one:

Note here that you can use only one of the GPIOs (noted in black) from each of the vertical rows above. This is what is referenced in the WICED™ Smart Hardware Interfaces as a "group" (all signals must be selected from the same group, which is essentially the table).

All options may not be available in the package used within the SIP module (shown in red). Combinations shown in red text are also not generally available on the BCM20732 TAG. Additional options may be unavailable if they are being used for the peripheral UART interface.

All GPIOs support programmable pull-up and pull-down resistors, along with a 2 mA drive strength except P26, P27, and P28, which provide a 16 mA drive strength at 3.3V supply (this will change as the supply drops and the GPIO pins will sink less current).

The GPIOs are all capable of waking the device from sleep or deep sleep and the application can configure interrupts (both/either edges, level), pull-up/pull-down High-Z, etc.

The following GPIOs are available on the BCM2073XS based SIP Modules (remember, only 14 are brought out on the SIP module):

P8/P33 (Dual bonded, only one of two is available)
Change per information received on 4/28/15: our packaging facility confirmed that P8 and P33 are both available and that on the SIP they are not dual-bonded
P13/P28 (Dual bonded, only one of two is available)
P14/P38 (Dual bonded, only one of two is available)
P12/P26 (Dual bonded, only one of two is available)
Change per information received on 4/28/15: our packaging facility confirmed that P12 and P26 are both available and that on the SIP they are not dual-bonded
- P12 if not used as P26 or external 32KHz LPO; If used as 32KHz LPO, then P12 and P26 are unavailable
- If external 32KHz OSC is used then P12 is not available, but P26 is available
P11/P27 (Dual bonded, only one of two is available)
-P11 if not used as P27 or external 32KHz LPO; If used as 32KHz LPO, then P11 and P27 are unavailable
- If external 32KHz OSC is used then P11 is not available, but P27 is available

For unused dual bonded pins, the unused GPIO should be input/output disabled (especially when it is an input).

From the perspective of writing software against the GPIO mappings defined above, it's important to keep in mind that the GPIO is physically mapped to a BCM2073XS device within the platform.h file which is custom to the TAG development board by default.

However, this mapping in platform.h can be reconfigured for a custom design.

The values in platform.h then map to definitions and function prototypes in bleprofile.h

Note that the specific values in the bleprofile.h bitmasks themselves are not intended to be exposed as the code beneath these bitmasks is proprietary and cannot be released for reasons outside the scope of this discussion.

In addition to reconfiguring the mappings of your custom board within the bleprofile.h, GPIO can also be assigned within BLE_PROFILE_GPIO_CFG within the .c file for each application. This is also where you allocate/initialize the GPIO within your application. The bleprofile_xxx() routines are then how you use/access what you have configured above.

With this said, I realize there is some ambiguity in this message as we have documents like WICED™ Smart Hardware Interfaces which clearly states that the BCM2073X (note that this guide was written for the SoC, then modified slightly for the SIP module) includes two sets of APIs that are available for the application: the low-level driver API and the high-level profile API.

So yes, the Low Level API is there and in some cases ok to use, but we are not consistent in exposing everything a developer needs to actually use it effectively on a consistent basis.

Hopefully you guys find this helpful. I know many of you have tidbits to add, so feel free to comment (please stay on topic). I would love to see some examples and code snippets showing usage of the bleprofile_xxx() routines.

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MichaelF_56

Dec 17, 2014

2658

Resource Library

WICED Smart User's Guide

Table of Contents: Product SelectionProduct EvaluationWICED SenseProduct DevelopmentManufacturing / ProductionIntro VideoSelector GuideHot SheetFAQData SheetsSDKHW GuideInstallation ErrorsToCBlogGeneralPCB/LayoutGATT DatabaseAdvertising/ScanConnectionWhitelistGPIODebugPower/CurrentRFSleep/Deep SleepPeripheralsClock/TimerOTAProgram/RecoverSecurityGeneralBD_ADDRCommand Line ToolsUUIDRegulatory/Certification... Show More

By Anonymous

Aug 3, 2015

6901

Resource Library

Redirecting Appliance UART LED Output "Buttons" to GPIO Ports

Replace the …/apps/demo/appliance/appliance.c and …/resources/apps/appliance/top_web_page_top.html with attached copies.Then build and download the up... Show More

By SeyhanA_31

Apr 28, 2015

216

Resource Library

Sleep Deep_Sleep Explanation and Techniques

RevisionChange DecriptionDate1.0Initial06/22/14Hello Community Members,This BLOG should be used as a "guide" for examining Sleep and Deep_Sleep techni... Show More

Revision	Change Decription	Date
1.0	Initial	06/22/14

Hello Community Members,

This BLOG should be used as a "guide" for examining Sleep and Deep_Sleep techniques.

This is a compilation of Sleep and Deep Sleep questions and answers from several of our forum users and I thank you for your questions and answers.

Let's start out with a explanation of how to place the BCM2073x in Sleep and Deep_Sleep modes and then move to sample Q/A regarding a few use cases.

Sleep Deep_Sleep Modes:

Here's a list of the Sleep/Deep Sleep modes:

Pause
- The processor is idle if sleep is not allowed or there is not enough time to sleep due to processor or BLE Radio Activity
- All state information is maintained
- Near 0 cycle latency to wake up
Sleep
- When lower power consumption is required
- All state information is maintained
- Can be woken up by timer or GPIO/ Keyscan /Quadrature sensors
- About 2 mS latency to wake up
Deep Sleep
- No state information is maintained
- Can be woken up by GPIO/ Keyscan /Quadrature sensors
- Includes ability to wake after configured time
  - With internal clock, can wake anywhere from 64mS to ~36 Hrs.
  - With external 32 KHz xtal, 128mS to ~144 Hrs

Deep_Sleep: Known on the BCM2073x devices as HIDOFF (Taken from the Human Interface Device OFF mode from Classic Bluetooth.

Waking the Device:

Wake by GPIO:
Note that there are 14 GPIOs on the module and most can drive/sink up to 2mA and are capable of waking device from sleep or deep sleep.
All GPIO interrupts are serialized to the application thread.
If the device is sleeping, the latency to get to the application thread context interrupt handler will generally be under 3mS.
If not sleeping and not connected, then this will be of the order of a few tens of uS.
In addition, there are multiple low power modes, and in many cases the firmware automatically handles low power states (as mentioned previously).
The application may choose to participate in sleep and deep sleep decisions.

Permanently Disable Sleep

To permanently disable sleep, register a callback using devlpm_registerForLowPowerQueries() and then in the callback, always return 0.
For an example, see ws_upgrade_uart.c in uart_firmware_upgrade sample application.
Note that this will drain more power than when sleep is enabled.

Notes regarding HidOff:

Deep_Sleep (HIDOFF) is not supported while the connection is up.

However, a connection can be kept when sleep is enabled (but not when deep sleep engages).

When the device is connected/scanning/advertising, it will always sleep between RF activity if the application allows it and there is sufficient time before the next scheduled activity.

Deep_Sleep (HIDOFF) does not retain state, so the chip cannot enter deep sleep when connected.

The most important point in determining Sleep and Deep Sleep modes is when to do it:

In many of our SDK 2.0 examples, power is automatically managed by the firmware based on input device activity.

As a power-saving task, the firmware controls the disabling of the on-chip regulator when in deep sleep mode - More on this later.

This BITES everyone - Be careful:

The BCM20732A0.cgs file has a Low Power Configuration section:

By default:
"Sleep enable" = 1

Change to 0 to disable the sleep function.

################################################################################
# Low power configuration
###############################################################################
ENTRY "Sleep Mode Configuration"
{
"Sleep mode" = "HIDD"
"Sleep enable" = 1 ; Change to 0
}
##############################################################################

Sleep Current Consumption is roughly 24uA using the internal power management of the BCM20732.

In 1.5uA deep sleep, the xtal, IR and PWM blocks will be turned off.

The PWM does not operate in sleep or in deep sleep, and the PWM block is not capable of interrupting or waking up the processor.

GPIOs, peripheral uart, IR transmit, Keyscan and quadrature inputs can interrupt/wake the processor.

GPIOs that are output enabled will remain so and drive as configured in sleep/deep sleep.

Sleep operation in BLE Packet Transmissions:

Q: When sending packets periodically for BLE (e.g. 25 ms to 4 seconds), does the BLE stack put the 20732 in 1.5 uA deep sleep mode between the transmissions or is just the sleep mode (20+ uA)?

A: No, when advertising or in connection, the device will not go into deep sleep. However, it will go into other low power modes like sleep and pause based on the connection/ADV interval and other activities. If you want to ADV every few minutes, it is possible to ADV for some seconds, then configure timed wake from deep sleep and then enter deep sleep. After the configured time, the device will be woken up and then the application will be initialized.

Q: In deep sleep mode, the data sheet says core and base are turned off. Does that mean it loses the RAM contents? If so, where does application software store state information when it goes into deep sleep? The EE or an offboard chip?

A: Yes, in deep sleep the chip will lose its RAM contents. When woken up, the application will be loaded to RAM from the NV storage and re-initialized. This is very similar to a power-on-reset except that in the case of a wake from deep sleep, some HW state information is retained so that the application can find out what caused the wake.

Sleep Times:

Our BCM2073x device includes the ability to wake after configured time.

With the internal clock, this value is anywhere from 64mS to ~36 Hrs.

With an external 32 KHz xtal, 128mS - ~144 Hrs is possible.

PREVENTING THE DEVICE FROM GOING TO SLEEP WHEN USING THE P_UART:

If you are working with the PUART and in particular trying to Rx data with the PUART you will need to ensure that the following functions shown below are added into your PUART_Init() function.

You will also see these functions in the 'uart_firmware_upgrade' example.

The reason these are needed is otherwise the Device will put the PUART to sleep.

These functions disable the device from putting the PUART to sleep:

Put these inside of your PUART_Init() function devlpm_init();

// Since we are not using any flow control, disable sleep when download starts.

// If HW flow control is configured or app uses its own flow control mechanism,

// this is not required.

devlpm_registerForLowPowerQueries(Puart_device_lpm_queriable, 0);

//Callback function that is registered from function shown above:

devlpm_register...()

// Callback called by the FW when ready to sleep/deep-sleep. Disable both by returning 0

// when there is an active download ongoing.

UINT32 Puart_device_lpm_queriable(LowPowerModePollType type, UINT32 context)

{

// Disable sleep.

return 0;

}

Wake time from deep sleep:

Determination of Wake time from deep sleep is a combination of many factors:

Since this involves a full boot, it depends on whether you are using the BCM20732S/36S modules or BCM2073x SOC design, EEPROM or Serial flash (application + patch size), speed of NV access.

20732S modules:

The 20732S contains an EEPROM internally:

Boot Time: boot time* ~= 50ms + ~45mS/KByte of application + patch code (whats printed at the end of a build) assuming default I2C speed (400 KHz).

The 20732 chip-on-board design:

EEPROM Case:

You can increase the read speeds to 1MHz instead of the default 400 KHz.
But the boot time will not reduce by 2.5 times because there is a lot of processing involved during this process.
So this will be 50mS + ~30mS/KByte of app + patch code.

Serial FLASH Case:
When NV storage is serial FLASH, boot time ~= 50mS + 4mS/KByte of code.

BCM20736/7 modules:

EEPROM Case:

boot time ~= 20mS + ~35mS/KByte of app + patch code @ 400 KHz.
If I2C speed is increased to 1 MHz, this should be ~ 20mS + 23mS/KByte.

Serial FLASH Case:

boot time ~= 20mS + 900uS/KByte when SPI speed is 12 MHz.

Note: *boot time here is the time from wake interrupt to application create call.

Advertising and Sleep Modes:

When advertising (ADV) or in connection, the device will not go into deep sleep.

However, it will go into other low power modes like sleep and pause based on the connection/ADV interval and other activities.

If you want to ADV every few minutes, it is possible to ADV for some seconds, then configure timed wake from deep sleep and then enter deep sleep.

After the configured time, the device will be woken up and then the application will be initialized.

Crystal and Sleep:

The external 32KHz oscillator is optional with respect to timed wake from deep sleep.

The internal 128KHz LPO is used for sleep and timed wake from deep sleep

More later..

Please provide comments/questions

Thanks

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By Anonymous

Jun 22, 2014

4091

Resource Library

Email State Changes Of Input (Push2Email)

This application snippet demonstrates the e-mail capability based on the state changes on the selected input.The selected input could be discrete or a... Show More

This application snippet demonstrates the e-mail capability based on the state changes on the selected input.

The selected input could be discrete or analog input. Input could be the current temperature, security device going off, PIR detector, reed switch output, etc. For this example discrete input is used and the input is toggled by the push button switch (SW1) on the evaluation board.

To setup the application, please download the attached push2email snipped application and copy it to the WICED -SDK. For example the .../apps/snip directory of the WICED SDK.

Using .../apps/snip/push2email/wifi_config_dct.h, update the wi-fi configuration for WICED target platform board to connect to your network.

Change the CLIENT_AP_SSID with your access point SSID.

Change the CLIENT_AP_PASSPHRASE with your access point's security code.

You should change the "wiced.email.test@gmail.com" email address with your own email address, in the push2email.c file. This should first be changed after #define RECIPIENT (line 48) and then again in the section to setup email account (line 168).

Build the push2email application and download it to your target

snip.push2email-<YourPlatform> download run

For BCM943362WCD4 WICED evaluation board make target would be as following:

snip.push2email-BCM943362WCD4 download run

When the push2email application runs on the target, the initial state of the LED1, based on the state of the SW1 switch, is sent as an email to the recipient. The following would be received by the email recipient: "WICED device is up initial LED state is ON."

As the SW1 switch is pressed to toggle the LED1 state, the state changes of the LED1 are sent to email recipient.

With new smtp signin security added by the mail service providers, embedded devices sign-in is prevented. The wiced.email.test@gmail.com email address is created for demo purposes and the sign-in is set to access for less secure apps. Similar sign-in setup may require to send mail using your own smtp server. To receive email no such setup is required but Wiced device generated emails may end up in spam folder.

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By SeyhanA_31

Dec 5, 2014

268

Resource Library

Re-purpose GPIO in Evaluation Board To Drive Motors

Use BCM9WCD1EVAL1 (P402) base evaluation board with BCM943362WCD4 module to re-purpose GPIO pins utilized for serial flash and thermistor.1. Remove th... Show More

By SeyhanA_31

Jul 9, 2014

704

Resource Library

IoT Hackathon Challenge

Welcome to the IoT Hackathon Challenge!If you cannot attend the IoT Hackathon, you can still submit your solution online.Use your innovative idea for ... Show More

Welcome to the IoT Hackathon Challenge!

If you cannot attend the IoT Hackathon, you can still submit your solution online.

Use your innovative idea for a Bluetooth low energy device. Using WICED Smart SDK you can easily develop a device which performs as a sensor/peripheral, an embedded central, a broadcast or an observer, or can combine any of the these functions. Broadcom will provide you required hardware, SDK and help to speed up your development.

Challenge:

Develop tone client and a tone server applications to run on the WICED Smart evaluation boards. The server should be able to play music based on the notes sent by the client.

Use WICED Smart SDK to create a tone client and a tone server applications to run on the WICED Smart evaluation boards. The server should be able to play music based on the notes sent by the client.

Detailed Instructions:

1. Developing Tone Service
     a. Use WICED Smart Designer feature of the WICED Smart SDK (File->New->WICED Smart Device Configuration) to create a           new tone_server device. The device will need access to a buzzer of the development board.
     b. Add a Vendor Specific Service (tone_service) with 2 Vendor Specific writable characteristics Note and Command. The Note           characteristic value corresponds to the tone to be played on the buzzer. The Command characteristic is a control point which           peer device can use to Start or Stop playing the tone.
     c. Add a code from pwm_tones.c sample which supports playing tones on the buzzer.
     d. Implement a write_handler so that when peer device writes Start command the server starts playing the tone corresponding to           the value of the Note characteristic.
     e. Make sure that the device is discoverable while there is no connection.
     f. (Bonus) Turn on LED while a tone is being played.

2. Developing Tone Client
     a. Use proximity_client WICED Smart SDK as a sample.
     b. Start scanning on the startup and connect to any device publishing UUID of the Tone Server.
     c. When connection is established perform the GATT discovery to find out the handles for the Note and Command characteristics.            (You can cheat and skip this step because handles will be hard coded in the tone_server_db.h created in step 1.a).
     d. Using a timer callback play your favorite music using Bluetooth and the buzzer of the tone_server. When it is a time to play a           specific note write to the Note characteristic and write the Start command to the Command characteristic. You can use SONG           ).

Notes from our Applications Team.

1. The PWM can only modulate one tone at a time -can’t do polyphonic tones
2. So we have to time-slice it with some timers to change the tones every timer event.
3. Hint: If I were doing it, I would have an array of tone, duration, pause duration.
4. And then play in the fine timer.

The trick is:
How to convert standard notes to pwm_start(PWM2, PMU_CLK, 0x2FF, 0x200); from

Good luck!

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By Anonymous

Jun 13, 2014

329

Resource Library

"push2scan" a new and simple snip that starts and stops WiFi scanning

Thanks to seyhan for putting this snip together.It is a good use of the scan application, the push button SW, and the GPIOs This "snip" will launch th... Show More

By GregG_16

May 20, 2014

812

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