1. In order to store data between resets/power loss/power downs, you will need to write the stack/whitelist to flash/nvm memory. You will need to use the function CyBle_StoeBondingData() (associated comments and documentation should be in the creator IDE). This will store it permanently until you either erase it, or remove it in some way later.
2. If your device is configured to require bonding, then it might be that you need to bond with the module before being able to access the characteristics/attributes. It does depend on your BLE component settings on the PSOC 4 BLE module however, as that is where you set the requirements for whitelist/bonding.
